The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) in India is planning to establish a 100 km advanced smart fencing system along the Myanmar border to enhance security and address issues such as ethnic violence in Manipur. In 2022, Manipur witnessed a significant number of insurgency-related incidents, with various insurgent groups active in the state. The existence of a Free Movement Regime (FMR) between India and Myanmar has also been noted, with Manipur's Chief Minister urging its cancellation. The construction of fencing for a border length of 10.023 km at Moreh, Manipur, has been assigned to the Border Roads Organisation (BRO). The MHA report highlights the complex security situation in the north eastern states, emphasising the need for collaborative efforts to ensure peace and stability in the region.
In an effort to enhance border security, the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) has revealed plans to establish an advanced smart fencing system covering 100 km along the Myanmar border, as outlined in the 2022-23 annual report. The absence of fencing and unregulated migration from Myanmar have been identified as key factors contributing to ethnic violence in Manipur, a state in north eastern India.
Throughout 2022, Manipur experienced a significant number of insurgency-related incidents, with 137 out of 201 incidents recorded in all the north eastern states. Manipur has been affected by various insurgent groups, including Meitei, Naga, Kuki, Zomi, and Hmar. The report highlighted that 23 underground outfits, operating under two conglomerates - United Peoples' Front (UPF) and Kuki National Organisation (KNO) - have been under Suspension of Operation (SOO) pact with the Government of India since August 2008.
The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) has noted the existence of a Free Movement Regime (FMR) between India and Myanmar. According to the FMR, members of hill tribes residing within 16 km on either side of the Indo-Myanmar border can cross the border for up to two weeks per visit, upon producing a valid border pass issued by the competent authority. However, the Manipur government suspended the FMR in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Manipur Chief Minister N. Biren Singh has urged the MHA to cancel the FMR along the Myanmar border and expedite the fencing process.
India shares a 1,643-km border with Myanmar, out of which 1,472 km has been demarcated, according to the report. The construction of fencing for a border length of 10.023 km at Moreh, Manipur, has been assigned to the Border Roads Organisation (BRO).
The report highlighted the complex security situation in the north eastern states, attributing it to factors such as terrain, socio economic development, historical elements like language, ethnicity, migration, control over local resources, and the presence of long and porous international borders. This situation has led to violence, extortion, and various demands by Indian insurgent groups that maintain safe havens and camps in neighbouring countries.
The Assam Rifles, the border guarding force deployed along the Myanmar border, made significant efforts in maintaining security. Between April and December 2022, they apprehended 128 Myanmar nationals, along with 330 civilians and 140 arms dealers and drug peddlers, as reported by the MHA.
In conclusion, India's proactive measures to secure its borders are crucial for maintaining peace and stability in the region. The deployment of advanced smart fencing technology and the strategic demarcation of borders are vital steps toward ensuring the safety and security of the nation's north eastern states. The collaborative efforts of security forces and government agencies play a pivotal role in safeguarding these regions and fostering a secure environment for the residents. As these initiatives progress, the region can anticipate a future marked by improved security, stability, and overall well-being.
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