A recent study by Cusat, SACON, and FLAME University highlights an alarming 126% increase in built-up areas across Kochi's taluks between 2001 and 2020, far exceeding the global average of 20%. Urbanisation has caused a 57.56% loss of wetlands and a 15% decline in cropland, triggering severe ecological imbalances. Pollution, declining biodiversity, and near-extinction of species like the Soapnut tree (only 50 remain) underscore the crisis. Researchers warn of rising health issues and ecosystem degradation. The findings call for sustainable urban planning to balance development and conservation, ensuring long-term environmental and social health for Kochi.
A recent study conducted by the School of Environmental Studies (Cusat), the Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, and FLAME University has raised concerns about the alarming loss of green spaces in Kochi and its surrounding areas over the past two decades. The research findings indicate a significant 126% increase in built-up areas across the taluks of Kanayannur, Kochi, Kunnathunad, Aluva, and North Paravur from 2001 to 2020, which far surpasses the global average of 20%.
This rapid urbanisation has led to a drastic shift in land use patterns, resulting in a 57.56% reduction in wetland areas and a 15% decline in cropland. These natural ecosystems have been replaced by commercial, industrial, educational, and residential developments, all of which have serious environmental repercussions.
Dr Preethi Chandran, a faculty member at the School of Environmental Studies, Cusat, has warned that environmental degradation is worsening due to urbanisation, which is contributing to increased pollution. She expressed concerns that this could lead to a rise in cases of lung diseases and allergies, particularly among children. She highlighted that water bodies in the region are now heavily polluted with heavy metals due to industrial discharge. Additionally, she pointed out that the loss of green cover is further exacerbating ecological imbalances.
One of the most worrying signs of declining biodiversity is the near extinction of the Soapnut tree (Sapindus trifoliatus), a species that was once common in the area. The study revealed that 75% of these trees have disappeared over the last two decades, largely due to habitat loss driven by urban development. Currently, only 50 live trees remain across the five taluks, with the majority of these surviving in private spaces, such as sacred groves, farms, and gardens.
The situation is particularly dire in Kanayannur taluk, which has seen the highest levels of urbanisation and tree cover loss. However, despite this, it still retains the largest population of surviving Soapnut trees.
The findings of this study serve as a stark reminder of the environmental challenges posed by unchecked urbanisation in Kochi. While the city continues to grow, the destruction of natural ecosystems such as wetlands and croplands presents significant long-term risks. The loss of biodiversity, exemplified by the decline of native species like the Soapnut tree, underscores the urgent need for sustainable urban planning that prioritises green spaces and environmental preservation. Without meaningful intervention, the ecological imbalances caused by rapid urban development will continue to threaten the quality of life in the region. It is imperative for both policymakers and developers to strike a balance between growth and conservation to ensure a healthier, more sustainable future for Kochi.
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